Semiconductor device

ABSTRACT

Provided are a semiconductor device and a fabricating method thereof. The fabricating method includes forming first to fourth fins, each extending in a first direction, to be spaced apart in a second direction intersecting the first direction, forming first and second gate lines, each extending in the second direction, on the first to fourth fins to be spaced apart in the first direction, forming a first contact on the first gate line between the first and second fins, forming a second contact on the first gate line between the third and fourth fins, forming a third contact on the second gate line between the first and second fins, forming a fourth contact on the second gate line between the third and fourth fins and forming a fifth contact on the first to fourth contacts so as to overlap with the second contact and the third contact and so as not to overlap with the first contact and the fourth contact, wherein the fifth contact is arranged to diagonally traverse a quadrangle defined by the first to fourth contacts.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.15/217,531, filed on Jul. 22, 2016, which is a continuation of U.S.application Ser. No. 14/539,579, filed on Nov. 12, 2014, the disclosureof which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

1. TECHNICAL FIELD

The present inventive concept relates to a semiconductor device and afabricating method thereof.

2. DISCUSSION OF RELATED ART

A logic cell of a semiconductor device is an integrated body of asemiconductor circuit for performing a specific function. This logiccell is variously designed in advance by being individually modularizedand optimized to satisfy certain constraint conditions. Thispre-designed logic cell is called a standard cell. By using variousstandard cells, a designer can design a desired circuit.

Among these standard cells, the minimum standard of a logic cellconstituting a standard cell by using 9 back end of line (BEOL) tracksis called a 9-track standard cell.

In the case of the standard cell, there are constraints in the designrules to effectively utilize a space. Along with the development ofminiaturization and integration of semiconductor devices, a criticaldimension of the design rules is getting smaller. Accordingly, a marginmay be secured, i.e., a minimum distance between patterns, in the groundrules to prevent a short circuit between internal patterns. To securethe minimum distance, constraint conditions such as uniformity ofdistribution of critical dimensions and line edge roughness (LER) ofpatterns may be desired.

SUMMARY

Aspects of the present inventive concept provide a fabricating method ofa semiconductor device having an optimal margin between contact patternsunder constraint conditions of the design rules.

Aspects of the present inventive concept also provide a semiconductordevice having an optimal margin between contact patterns underconstraint conditions of the design rules.

However, aspects of the present inventive concept are not restricted tothose set forth herein. The above and other aspects of the presentinventive concept will become more apparent to one of ordinary skill inthe art to which the present inventive concept pertains by referencingthe detailed description of the present inventive concept given below.

In one aspect of the present inventive concept, there is provided amethod for fabricating a semiconductor device including forming first tofourth fins, each extending in a first direction, to be spaced apart ina second direction intersecting the first direction, forming first andsecond gate lines, each extending in the second direction, on the firstto fourth fins to be spaced apart in the first direction, forming afirst contact on the first gate line between the first and second fins,forming a second contact on the first gate line between the third andfourth fins, forming a third contact on the second gate line between thefirst and second fins, forming a fourth contact on the second gate linebetween the third and fourth fins; and forming a fifth contact on thefirst to fourth contacts so as to overlap with the second contact andthe third contact and so as not to overlap with the first contact andthe fourth contact, wherein the fifth contact is arranged to diagonallytraverse a quadrangle defined by the first to fourth contacts.

In one aspect of the present inventive concept, there is provided amethod for fabricating a semiconductor device comprising includingforming a plurality of fins, each extending in a first direction, to bespaced apart in a second direction intersecting the first direction,forming a plurality of gate lines, each extending in the seconddirection, on the plurality of fins to be spaced apart in the firstdirection, in a first region including first to fourth fins among theplurality of fins and first and second gate lines among the plurality ofgate lines, forming a first contact on the first gate line between thefirst and second fins, forming a second contact on the first gate linebetween the third and fourth fins in the first region, forming a thirdcontact on the second gate line between the first and second fins in thefirst region, forming a fourth contact on the second gate line betweenthe third and fourth fins in the first region, forming a fifth contacton the first to fourth contacts in the first region so as to overlapwith the second contact and the third contact and so as not to overlapwith the first contact and the fourth contact and forming a sixthcontact between the plurality of gate lines in a second region whichdoes not overlap with the first to fourth fins, wherein the fifthcontact is arranged to diagonally traverse a quadrangle defined by thefirst to fourth contacts.

In one aspect of the present inventive concept, there is provided asemiconductor device including first to fourth fins, each extending in afirst direction, arranged to be spaced apart in a second directionintersecting the first direction, first and second gate lines, eachextending in the second direction, arranged on the first to fourth finsto be spaced apart in the first direction, a first contact formed on thefirst gate line between the first and second fins, a second contactformed on the first gate line between the third and fourth fins, a thirdcontact formed on the second gate line between the first and secondfins, a fourth contact formed on the second gate line between the thirdand fourth fins and a fifth contact formed on the first to fourthcontacts so as to overlap with the second contact and the third contactand so as not to overlap with the first contact and the fourth contact,wherein the fifth contact is arranged to diagonally traverse aquadrangle defined by the first to fourth contacts.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other aspects and features of the present inventiveconcept will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplaryembodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a layout diagram for a semiconductor device according to anembodiment of the present inventive concept;

FIG. 2 is a layout diagram for a first region of FIG. 1 in detailaccording to a conventional technique;

FIG. 3 is a layout diagram for a first region of FIG. 1 in detailaccording to an embodiment of the present inventive concept;

FIG. 4 is an exemplary diagram numerically illustrating the layout ofFIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a flowchart for a fabricating method of a semiconductor deviceaccording to an embodiment of the present inventive concept;

FIGS. 6 to 13 are diagrams showing a method of fabricating asemiconductor device according to an embodiment of the present inventiveconcept;

FIG. 14 is a flowchart for a step of forming a diagonal contact of FIG.5 according to an embodiment of the inventive concept;

FIG. 15 is a layout diagram for a staircase pattern used in afabricating method of a semiconductor device according to an embodimentof the present inventive concept;

FIG. 16 is a DCD image obtained by a simulation in which the length ofthe pattern used in the fabricating method of the semiconductor deviceaccording to an embodiment of the present inventive concept is set to 36nm;

FIG. 17 is a DCD image obtained by a simulation in which the length ofthe pattern used in the fabricating method of the semiconductor deviceaccording to an embodiment of the present inventive concept is set to 40nm;

FIG. 18 is a DCD image showing a process variation (PV) band in thesimulation in which the length of the pattern used in the fabricatingmethod of the semiconductor device according to an embodiment of thepresent inventive concept is set to 36 nm;

FIG. 19 is a DCD image showing a process variation (PV) band in thesimulation in which the length of the pattern used in the fabricatingmethod of the semiconductor device according to an embodiment of thepresent inventive concept is set to 40 nm;

FIG. 20 is an image obtained by comparing the DCD image of FIG. 18 withthe DCD image of FIG. 19;

FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an illumination method used in thefabricating method of the semiconductor device according to anembodiment of the present inventive concept; and

FIG. 22 is an optical simulation photograph for the fabricating methodof the semiconductor device according to an embodiment of the presentinventive concept.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Advantages and features of the present inventive concept and methods ofaccomplishing the same may be understood more readily by reference tothe following detailed description of preferred embodiments and theaccompanying drawings. The present inventive concept may, however, beembodied in many different forms and should not be construed as beinglimited to the embodiments set forth herein. Like reference numerals mayrefer to like elements throughout the specification and drawings.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the inventiveconcept. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” areintended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearlyindicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms“comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification,specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations,elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence oraddition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations,elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

It will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to asbeing “on”, “connected to” or “coupled to” another element or layer, itcan be directly on, connected or coupled to the other element or layeror intervening elements or layers may be present. As used herein, theterm “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of theassociated listed items.

It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. maybe used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layersand/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/orsections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only usedto distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section fromanother region, layer or section. Thus, a first element, component,region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a secondelement, component, region, layer or section without departing from theteachings of the present inventive concept.

Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath”, “below”, “lower”, “above”,“upper”, and the like, may be used herein for ease of description todescribe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) orfeature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that thespatially relative terms may encompass different orientations of thedevice in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted inthe figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over,elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or featureswould then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, theexemplary term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above andbelow. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or atother orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used hereininterpreted accordingly.

Embodiments are described herein with reference to cross-sectionillustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments(and intermediate structures). As such, variations from the shapes ofthe illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniquesand/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, these embodiments shouldnot be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regionsillustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result,for example, from manufacturing. For example, an implanted regionillustrated as a rectangle may have rounded or curved features and/or agradient of implant concentration at its edges rather than a binarychange from implanted to non-implanted region. Likewise, a buried regionformed by implantation may result in some implantation in the regionbetween the buried region and the surface through which the implantationtakes place. Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematicin nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the actualshape of a region of a device and are not intended to limit the scope ofthe present inventive concept.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientificterms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by oneof ordinary skill in the art to which the present inventive conceptbelongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those definedin commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaningthat is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant artand this specification and will not be interpreted in an idealized oroverly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein. A semiconductordevice according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept willbe described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.

FIG. 1 is a layout diagram for a semiconductor device according to anembodiment of the present inventive concept. FIG. 2 is a layout diagramfor a first region of FIG. 1 in detail according to a conventionaltechnique. FIG. 3 is a layout diagram for a first region of FIG. 1 indetail according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept. FIG.4 is an exemplary diagram numerically illustrating the layout of FIG. 3.

Referring to FIG. 1, a semiconductor device according to an embodimentof the present inventive concept includes a substrate 10, a fin 100, agate line 200, first to fourth contacts 300 a, 300 b, 300 c and 300 d, afifth contact 400, a sixth contact 500, and the like.

In an embodiment, the substrate 10 may be a rigid substrate such as asilicon substrate, a silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate, a galliumarsenide substrate, a silicon germanium substrate, a ceramic substrate,a quartz substrate, and a glass substrate for a display, or a flexibleplastic substrate including, for example, polyimide, polyether,polycarbonate, polyethersulfone, polymethylmethacrylate, polyethylenenaphthalate or polyethyleneterephthalate.

The fin 100 may be formed to extend in a first direction X. The fin 100may include a plurality of fins. The fins 100 may be arranged to bespaced apart from each other in a second direction Y intersecting thefirst direction X. The fins 100 may be spaced apart from each other atregular intervals. The sum of the interval and the width of the fin 100is defined as a fin pitch a′.

The fins 100 may include first to fourth fins 100 a, 100 b, 100 c and100 d. The first to fourth fins 100 a, 100 b, 100 c and 100 d may beformed to be adjacent to each other. The first to fourth fins 100 a, 100b, 100 c and 100 d may be arranged sequentially in the second directionY. For example, as illustrated, the first fin 100 a may be adjacent tothe second fin 100 b, and the fourth fin 100 d may be adjacent to thethird fin 100 c. The second fin 100 b may be adjacent to the first fin100 a and the third fin 100 c, and the third fin 100 c may be adjacentto the second fin 100 b and the fourth fin 100 d.

The fins 100 may be part of the substrate 10, and may include anepitaxial layer grown from the substrate 10. The fins 100 may include,for example, Si, SiGe or the like.

The gate line 200 may be formed on the fins 100. The gate line 200 maybe formed to extend in the second direction Y. The gate line 200 mayinclude a plurality of gate lines. The gate lines 200 may be arranged tobe spaced apart from each other in the first direction X. The gate lines200 may be spaced apart from each other at regular intervals. The sum ofthe interval and the width of the gate line 200 is defined as a gateline pitch b′.

The gate lines 200 may include first and second gate lines 200 a and 200b. The first and second gate lines 200 a and 200 b may be formed to beadjacent to each other.

The gate lines 200 may include a conductive material. The gate lines 200may include, for example, metal, polysilicon or the like, but exemplaryembodiments of the present inventive concept are not limited thereto.

A first region I including the first to fourth fins 100 a, 100 b, 100 cand 100 d and the first and second gate lines 200 a and 200 b may bedefined. The first region I may have a length a of the second directionincluding four fin pitches a′ of the first to fourth fins 100 a, 100 b,100 c and 100 d, and a length b of the first direction including twogate line pitches b′ of the first and second gate lines 200 a and 200 b.A second region II may include the gate lines 200 including the firstand second gate lines 200 a and 200 b and the fins 100 except the firstto fourth fins 100 a, 100 b, 100 c and 100 d.

Gate contacts 300 may be formed on the gate lines 200. The gate contact300 may be formed between the fins 100. The gate contact 300 may beformed to extend in a third direction. In FIG. 1, the gate contact 300has been illustrated to have a circular shape, but it is not limitedthereto. The shape and size of the gate contact 300 are not restricted.The gate contact 300 may overlap with the gate line 200. The diameter ofthe gate contact 300 may be larger than the width of the gate line 200.The diameter of the gate contact 300 is smaller than the width of thegate line 200, but the gate contact 300 may have a portion which doesnot overlap with the gate line 200.

The gate contacts 300 may be electrically connected to the gate lines200. The gate contacts 300 may include a conductive material. Forexample, the gate contacts 300 may include at least one of metal andpolysilicon.

The first contact 300 a may be formed between the first fin 100 a andthe second fin 100 b. The first contact 300 a may be formed on the firstgate line 200 a. The first contact 300 a may be formed to extend in athird direction Z. The second contact 300 b may be formed between thethird fin 100 c and the fourth fin 100 d. The second contact 300 b maybe formed on the first gate line 200 a. The second contact 300 b may beformed to extend in the third direction Z.

The third contact 300 c may be formed between the first fin 100 a andthe second fin 100 b. The third contact 300 c may be formed on thesecond gate line 200 b. The third contact 300 c may be formed to extendin the third direction Z. The fourth contact 300 d may be formed betweenthe third fin 100 c and the fourth fin 100 d. The fourth contact 300 dmay be formed on the second gate line 200 b. The fourth contact 300 dmay be formed to extend in the third direction Z.

The first contact 300 a and the second contact 300 b may be electricallyconnected to the first gate line 200 a. The third contact 300 c and thefourth contact 300 d may be electrically connected to the second gateline 200 b. The first to fourth contacts 300 a, 300 b, 300 c and 300 dmay include a conductive material. For example, the first to fourthcontacts 300 a, 300 b, 300 c and 300 d may include at least one of metaland polysilicon.

The first to fourth contacts 300 a, 300 b, 300 c and 300 d may beelectrically connected to the gate lines 200, and may be selectivelyconnected by an interconnection structure including metal lines andvias. Accordingly, the semiconductor device according to an embodimentof the present inventive concept may function as one logic cell.

The fifth contact 400 may be formed in the first region I. The fifthcontact 400 may be formed on the first to fourth contacts 300 a, 300 b,300 c and 300 d. The fifth contact 400 may overlap the second contact300 b and the third contact 300 c. The fifth contact 400 need notoverlap the first contact 300 a and the fourth contact 300 d. The fifthcontact 400 may be electrically connected to the second contact 300 band the third contact 300 c which overlap with the fifth contact 400.The fifth contact 400 need not be electrically connected to the firstcontact 300 a and the fourth contact 300 d which do not overlap with thefifth contact 400.

The fifth contact 400 may be arranged to diagonally traverse aquadrangle defined by the first to fourth contacts 300 a, 300 b, 300 cand 300 d. The quadrangle may be a rectangle, square, rhombus, ortrapezoid without being limited thereto.

The fifth contact 400 may have a shape to diagonally traverse thequadrangle as described above. Accordingly, it may have a maximum marginin the ground rules. That is, while connecting the fifth contact 400 tothe second contact 300 b and the third contact 300 c, it is possible tominimize a possibility that a short circuit occurs between the fifthcontact 400 and the first contact 300 a and between the fifth contact400 and the fourth contact 300 d. That is, it is possible to maximize adistance between the fifth contact 400 and the first contact 300 a orthe fourth contact 300 d.

The sixth contact 500 may be formed in the second region II. The sixthcontact 500 may be formed between the gate lines 200. The sixth contact500 may be electrically connected to source/drain regions of afin-shaped field effect transistor (fin-FET). In FIG. 1, the sixthcontact 500 is formed on one fin, but it is not limited thereto.

A conventional technique using a right angled pattern rather than adiagonal shape will be described with reference to FIG. 2. Asemiconductor device according to the conventional technique includesthe first and second gate lines 200 a and 200 b, and the first to fourthcontacts 300 a, 300 b, 300 c and 300 d in the same manner as theembodiment of the present inventive concept, and further includes aright angled pattern 400 p connecting the second contact 300 b to thethird contact 300 c.

The right angled pattern 400 p includes a first part 400 p-1, a secondpart 400 p-2, and a third part 400 p-3. The right angled pattern 400 pmay be configured such that the first part 400 p-1 and the second part400 p-2 are connected perpendicularly to each other, and the second part400 p-2 and the third part 400 p-3 are connected perpendicularly to eachother.

The first part 400 p-1 may overlap the second contact 300 b. The rightangled pattern 400 p may be electrically connected to the second contact300 b through the first part 400 p-1. The third part 400 p-3 may overlapthe third contact 300 c. The right angled pattern 400 p may beelectrically connected to the third contact 300 c through the third part400 p-3.

The second part 400 p-2 may connect the first part 400 p-1 to the thirdpart 400 p-3. The second part 400 p-2 may pass through a point 410 ofsymmetry. The point 410 of symmetry may pass through a point of symmetryof a quadrangle defined by the first to fourth contacts 300 a, 300 b,300 c and 300 d.

The right angled pattern 400 p may be spaced apart from the firstcontact 300 a and the fourth contact 300 d which do not overlap theright angled pattern 400 p in order to prevent an undesired shortcircuit while connecting the second contact 300 b and the third contact300 c which overlap with the right angled pattern 400 p. However, adistance c between the right angled pattern 400 p and the first contact300 a and between the right angled pattern 400 p and the fourth contact300 d may be relatively small. Thus, a short circuit between the rightangled pattern 400 p and the first contact 300 a or the fourth contact300 d may occur due to misalignment or incomplete etching in theprocess. Therefore, measures for preventing the short circuit may bedesired.

The semiconductor device according to an embodiment of the presentinventive concept will be described with reference to FIG. 3. In asemiconductor device according to an embodiment of the present inventiveconcept, the fifth contact 400 having a diagonal shape is formed.

The fifth contact 400 may overlap the second contact 300 b and the thirdcontact 300 c. The fifth contact 400 may electrically connect the secondcontact 300 b to the third contact 300 c. The fifth contact 400 isintended to connect the second contact 300 b to the third contact 300 cin advance since it is difficult to perform an interconnection processlater.

The fifth contact 400 passes through the point 410 of symmetry. Thepoint 410 of symmetry is a point at which a line connecting the firstcontact 300 a to the fourth contact 300 d intersects a line connectingthe second contact 300 b to the third contact 300 c. In other words, thepoint 410 of symmetry is the center of symmetry of the quadrangledefined by the first to fourth contacts 300 a, 300 b, 300 c and 300 d.The fifth contact 400 may be arranged to pass through the point 410 ofsymmetry such that the distance from the first contact 300 a and thefourth contact 300 d has a maximum value.

Patterning may be performed such that a short circuit does not occur inconsideration of an overlay term or the like for securing a marginagainst incorrect pattern formation, line edge roughness (LER) ofpatterns and non-uniformity of critical dimensions. Therefore, in asemiconductor device according to an embodiment of the present inventiveconcept, as described above, by maximizing the distance between thefirst contact 300 a and fifth contact 400 and between the fourth contact300 d and the fifth contact 400, it is possible to increase thereliability of the semiconductor device.

The fifth contact 400 may have a linear shape, but may have a shapeincluding at least one bent portion 420. In an embodiment, the fifthcontact 400 may include a first contact region 420 a connecting thepoint 410 of symmetry to the second contact 300 b, and a second contactregion 420 b connecting the point 410 of symmetry to the third contact300 c.

The first contact region 420 a may have a convex shape in a directionaway from the fourth contact 300 d. Accordingly, the shortest distancebetween the first contact region 420 a and the fourth contact 300 dbecomes a distance d between the point 410 of symmetry and the fourthcontact 300 d. This is because the distance between the first contactregion 420 a and the fourth contact 300 d increases due to the convexshape of the first contact region 420 a.

The second contact region 420 b may have a convex shape in a directionaway from the first contact 300 a. Accordingly, the shortest distancebetween the second contact region 420 b and the first contact 300 abecomes a distance d between the point 410 of symmetry and the firstcontact 300 a. This is because the distance between the second contactregion 420 b and the first contact 300 a increases due to the convexshape of the second contact region 420 b.

Thus, the shortest distance between the first contact 300 a and fifthcontact 400 and between the fourth contact 300 d and the fifth contact400 becomes the distance d between the fifth contact 400 of the point410 of symmetry and the first contact 300 a and between the fifthcontact 400 of the point 410 of symmetry and the fourth contact 300 d.The distance d is larger than the distance c between the right angledpattern 400 p of FIG. 2 and each of the first contact 300 a and thefourth contact 300 d. That is, in a semiconductor device according to anembodiment of the present inventive concept, the distance between thefifth contact 400 and each of the first contact 300 a and the fourthcontact 300 d which do not overlap with the fifth contact 400 mayfurther increase.

Referring to FIG. 4, an exemplary slope of the fifth contact 400according to the design rules may be derived. For example, the gate linepitch b′ may be 64 nm, and the gate contacts 300 including the first tofourth contacts 300 a, 300 b, 300 c and 300 d may have a circular shapewith a radius of 10 nm. Further, the fifth contact 400 may have aconstant width of 20 nm. Further, the fin pitch a′ may be set to 42 nm.When applying the above design rules, the length a of the seconddirection Y of the first region I to which the four fins 100 belong maybe 42×4=168 nm. Further, the length b of the first direction X of thefirst region I to which the two gate lines 200 belong may be 64×2=128nm. A distance from the corner of the first region I to each of thefirst to fourth contacts 300 a, 300 b, 300 c and 300 d may be set to 30nm.

As shown in FIG. 4, the distance between the point 410 of symmetry andthe fourth contact 300 d may be 10 nm+31 nm+10 nm=51 nm in considerationof a half of the width of the fifth contact 400 and the radius of thefourth contact 300 d. Further, since a half of the gate line pitch b′ is32 nm, according to the Pythagorean theorem, a distance between thepoint 410 of symmetry and a line connecting the second contact 300 b tothe fourth contact 300 d may be approximately 40 nm. When consideringthe radius (10 nm) of the fourth contact 300 d and the distance (30 nm)between the corner of the first region I and the fourth contact 300 d,the distance from the point 410 of symmetry to the corner of the firstregion I becomes approximately 40+10+3=80 nm.

Since the distance (80 nm) is smaller than a half (168/2=84 nm) of thelength a of the second direction Y of the first region I to which thefour fins 100 belong, it may precisely conform to the design rules. Inthis case, the fifth contact 400 has a slope of 51 degrees from thesecond direction.

Thus, in a semiconductor device according to an embodiment of thepresent inventive concept, it is possible to prevent a short circuitwhile satisfying the design rules such that a narrow space can beeffectively used, thereby increasing the reliability of semiconductordevices.

Hereinafter, a fabricating method of a semiconductor device according toan embodiment of the present inventive concept will be described withreference to FIGS. 5 to 13.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart for a fabricating method of a semiconductor deviceaccording to an embodiment of the present inventive concept. FIGS. 6 to13 are diagrams showing intermediate steps for a fabricating method of asemiconductor device according to an embodiment of the present inventiveconcept.

Referring to FIGS. 5 to 7, fins are formed on a substrate (step S100).

FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a state where the fins are formed on thesubstrate. FIG. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken along lineA-A′ of FIG. 6 according to an embodiment of the present inventiveconcept.

Referring to FIG. 6, a substrate 10 may be provided. The substrate 10may be a rigid substrate such as a silicon substrate, a silicon oninsulator (SOI) substrate, a gallium arsenide substrate, a silicongermanium substrate, ceramic substrate, a quartz substrate, and a glasssubstrate for a display, or a flexible plastic substrate including, forexample, polyimide, polyether, polycarbonate, polyethersulfone,polymethylmethacrylate, polyethylene naphthalate orpolyethyleneterephthalate.

Subsequently, a fin 100 may be formed on the substrate 10 to extend in afirst direction X. A plurality of fins 100 may be formed on thesubstrate 10. In this case, the plurality of fins 100 may be arranged tobe spaced apart from each other in a second direction Y intersecting thefirst direction X, and the plurality of fins 100 may be arranged atregular intervals. The sum of the interval and the width of the fin 100is defined as a fin pitch a′. The plurality of fins 100 may be formed atthe same time. One fin 100 has a constant fin pitch a′, and the length acorresponding to the four fin pitches a′ in the second direction may bedefined by first to fourth fins 100 a, 100 b, 100 c and 100 d.

The plurality of fins 100 may include the first to fourth fins 100 a,100 b, 100 c and 100 d. In this case, the first to fourth fins 100 a,100 b, 100 c and 100 d may be formed to be adjacent to each other. Thatis, the first to fourth fins 100 a, 100 b, 100 c and 100 d may bearranged sequentially in the second direction Y. For example, asillustrated, the first fin 100 a may be adjacent to the second fin 100b, and the fourth fin 100 d may be adjacent to the third fin 100 c. Thesecond fin 100 b may be adjacent to the first fin 100 a and the thirdfin 100 c, and the third fin 100 c may be adjacent to the second fin 100b and the fourth fin 100 d.

The fins 100 may be part of the substrate 10, and may include anepitaxial layer grown from the substrate 10. The fins 100 may include,for example, Si, SiGe or the like. That is, the substrate 10 on whichthe fins 100 are formed may also be provided.

Referring again to FIGS. 1, 5, 8 and 9, gate lines are formed on thefins (step S200).

FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a state where the gate lines are formed onthe fins. FIG. 9 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken along lineB-B′ of FIG. 8 according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 8, a gate line 200 may be formed on the fins 100. Inthis case, the gate line 200 may be formed to extend in the seconddirection Y. The gate line 200 may include a plurality of gate lines.The gate lines 200 may be arranged to be spaced apart from each other inthe first direction X. In this case, the gate lines 200 may be spacedapart from each other at regular intervals. The sum of the interval andthe width of the gate line 200 is defined as a gate line pitch b′.

The gate lines 200 may include first and second gate lines 200 a and 200b. The first and second gate lines 200 a and 200 b may be formed to beadjacent to each other.

The gate lines 200 may include a conductive material. The gate lines 200may include, for example, metal, polysilicon or the like, but exemplaryembodiments of the present inventive concept are not limited thereto.

Referring again to FIG. 1, a first region I including the first tofourth fins 100 a, 100 b, 100 c and 100 d and the first and second gatelines 200 a and 200 b may be defined. The first region I may have alength a of the second direction including four fin pitches a′ of thefirst to fourth fins 100 a, 100 b, 100 c and 100 d, and a length b ofthe first direction including two gate line pitches b′ of the first andsecond gate lines 200 a and 200 b. A second region II may include thegate lines 200 including the first and second gate lines 200 a and 200 band the fins 100 except the first to fourth fins 100 a, 100 b, 100 c and100 d.

Referring to FIG. 9, the first to fourth fins 100 a, 100 b, 100 c and100 d are formed on the substrate 10, and the second gate line 200 b isformed thereon. The second gate line 200 b may be formed on thesubstrate 10 and the first to fourth fins 100 a, 100 b, 100 c and 100 dto have a predetermined height in a third direction Z.

Referring again to FIGS. 5, 10 and 11, contacts are formed on the gatelines (step S300).

FIG. 10 is a plan view showing a state where the contacts are formed onthe gate lines. FIG. 11 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken alongline C-C′ of FIG. 10 according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIGS. 10 and 11, the first contact 300 a may be formedbetween the first fin 100 a and the second fin 100 b. In this case, thefirst contact 300 a may be formed on the first gate line 200 a. Thefirst contact 300 a may be formed to extend in the third direction Z.The second contact 300 b may be formed between the third fin 100 c andthe fourth fin 100 d. In this case, the second contact 300 b may beformed on the first gate line 200 a. The second contact 300 b may beformed to extend in the third direction Z.

The third contact 300 c may be formed between the first fin 100 a andthe second fin 100 b. The third contact 300 c may be formed on thesecond gate line 200 b. The third contact 300 c may be formed to extendin the third direction Z. The fourth contact 300 d may be formed betweenthe third fin 100 c and the fourth fin 100 d. The fourth contact 300 dmay be formed on the second gate line 200 b. The fourth contact 300 dmay be formed to extend in the third direction Z.

The first contact 300 a and the second contact 300 b may be electricallyconnected to the first gate line 200 a. The third contact 300 c and thefourth contact 300 d may be electrically connected to the second gateline 200 b. The first to fourth contacts 300 a, 300 b, 300 c and 300 dmay include a conductive material. For example, the first to fourthcontacts 300 a, 300 b, 300 c and 300 d may include at least one of metaland polysilicon.

The first to fourth contacts 300 a, 300 b, 300 c and 300 d may be formedat the same time. This is because the first to fourth contacts 300 a,300 b, 300 c and 300 d are formed on the same level and it is economicalto form the first to fourth contacts 300 a, 300 b, 300 c and 300 d at atime by using one mask.

The first to fourth contacts 300 a, 300 b, 300 c and 300 d may beelectrically connected to the gate lines 200, and may be selectivelyconnected by an interconnection structure including metal lines andvias. Accordingly, a semiconductor device according to an embodiment ofthe present inventive concept may function as one logic cell.

Referring again to FIGS. 2, 5, 12 and 13, a diagonal contact is formed(step S400).

FIG. 12 is a plan view showing a state where a fifth contact is formed.FIG. 13 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken along lines D-D′ andE-E′ of FIG. 12 according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 12, a fifth contact 400 may be formed in the firstregion I. The fifth contact 400 may be formed on the first to fourthcontacts 300 a, 300 b, 300 c and 300 d. The fifth contact 400 mayoverlap the second contact 300 b and the third contact 300 c. The fifthcontact 400 need not overlap the first contact 300 a and the fourthcontact 300 d. The fifth contact 400 may be electrically connected tothe second contact 300 b and the third contact 300 c which overlap withthe fifth contact 400. The fifth contact 400 need not be electricallyconnected to the first contact 300 a and the fourth contact 300 d whichdo not overlap with the fifth contact 400.

The fifth contact 400 may be arranged to diagonally traverse aquadrangle defined by the first to fourth contacts 300 a, 300 b, 300 cand 300 d. The quadrangle may be a rectangle, square, rhombus, ortrapezoid without being limited thereto.

The fifth contact 400 may have a shape to diagonally traverse thequadrangle as described above. Accordingly, it may have a maximum marginin the ground rules. That is, while connecting the fifth contact 400 tothe second contact 300 b and the third contact 300 c, it is possible tominimize a possibility that a short circuit occurs between the fifthcontact 400 and the first contact 300 a and between the fifth contact400 and the fourth contact 300 d. That is, it is possible to maximize adistance between the fifth contact 400 and the first contact 300 a orthe fourth contact 300 d.

Referring again to FIG. 2, in the case of forming the conventional rightangled pattern 400 p, since it is difficult to simultaneously fabricatethe first part 400 p-1, the second part 400 p-2 and the third part 400p-3, more masks may be used, which may cause difficulty in thefabrication. On the other hand, the semiconductor device according tothe embodiment of the present inventive concept may have a costadvantage because the fifth contact 400 can be fabricated by using onlyone mask.

Referring again to FIG. 12, the sixth contact 500 may be formed in thesecond region II. The sixth contact 500 may be formed between the gatelines 200. The sixth contact 500 may be electrically connected tosource/drain regions of a fin-shaped field effect transistor (fin-FET).In FIG. 12, the sixth contact 500 is formed on one fin 100, but it isnot limited thereto. The fifth contact 400 and the sixth contact 500 maybe formed at the same time.

Referring to FIG. 13, the fifth contact 400 and the sixth contact 500may be formed at the same time on the same level. The fifth contact 400may be formed on the first to fourth contacts 300 a, 300 b, 300 c and300 d, and the sixth contact 500 may be formed on the fins 100.

Hereinafter, the step S400 of forming the diagonal contact of FIG. 5will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 14 to 22.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart for a step of forming a diagonal contact of FIG.5 according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 14, a contact material is deposited (step S410).

Since the contact material may be patterned later to become the fifthcontact 400, it may be a conductive material. For example, the contactmaterial may be metal or polysilicon. The contact material may be formedon the first to fourth contacts 300 a, 300 b, 300 c and 300 d, the firstgate line 200 a, the second gate line 200 b and the first to fourth fins100 a, 100 b, 100 c and 100 d of the first region I. An interlayerinsulating film may be formed between the contact material and the firstto fourth contacts 300 a, 300 b, 300 c and 300 d, the first gate line200 a, the second gate line 200 b and the first to fourth fins 100 a,100 b, 100 c and 100 d.

Subsequently, referring to FIGS. 12 and 14 to 22, the contact materialis selectively subjected to lithography (step S420).

After a mask having a desired pattern is formed on the contact material,a portion except for the mask may be subjected to lithography. When aportion on which the mask is not formed is removed later by an etchingprocess, only a portion covered with the mask remains. Thus, this iscalled positive lithography.

Therefore, to pattern a shape of the fifth contact 400 of FIG. 12, amask having the same shape may be desired. A method of forming a maskwill be described with reference to FIGS. 15 to 20.

A method of producing a mask by using a staircase pattern will bedescribed with reference to FIG. 15.

FIG. 15 is a layout diagram for a staircase pattern used in fabricatinga semiconductor device according to an embodiment of the presentinventive concept.

Referring to FIG. 15, a mask pattern 400 m of the fifth contact 400 mayinclude a plurality of sub-mask patterns. The plurality of sub-maskpatterns may be, but is not limited to, a staircase pattern. That is,the mask pattern 400 m of the fifth contact 400 may be a non-staircasepattern. In the case where the mask pattern 400 m of the fifth contact400 is a staircase pattern, the fifth contact 400 may be patterned in adiagonal shape during a patterning process.

Hereinafter, a method of producing a mask by using a non-staircasepattern will be described with reference to FIGS. 16 to 20.

FIG. 16 is a DCD image obtained by a simulation in which the length ofthe pattern used in the fabricating method of the semiconductor deviceaccording to the embodiment of the present inventive concept is set to36 nm. FIG. 17 is a DCD image obtained by a simulation in which thelength of the pattern used in the fabricating method of thesemiconductor device according to the embodiment of the presentinventive concept is set to 40 nm. FIG. 18 is a DCD image showing aprocess variation (PV) band in the simulation in which the length of thepattern used in the fabricating method of the semiconductor deviceaccording to the embodiment of the present inventive concept is set to36 nm. FIG. 19 is a DCD image showing a process variation (PV) band inthe simulation in which the length of the pattern used in thefabricating method of the semiconductor device according to theembodiment of the present inventive concept is set to 40 nm. FIG. 20 isan image obtained by comparing the DCD image of FIG. 18 with the DCDimage of FIG. 19.

The DCD image is an image for critical dimensions after lithography.FIGS. 16 and 17 show the simulation results for targets in which thelengths of the diagonal lines of the fifth contact 400 are 36 nm and 40nm, respectively. It can be seen that a diagonal shape is formed clearlyin spite of using a non-staircase pattern.

The process variation (PV) band is a parameter for observing a change ofthe pattern due to changes in the exposure conditions of variousparameters such as a focus of exposure light and exposure latitude.FIGS. 18 and 19 show the simulation results of the PV band for targetsin which the lengths of the diagonal lines of the sixth contact 500 are36 nm and 40 nm, respectively. As the width of the strip-shaped PV bandis narrower, the success rate of patterning is higher. From each ofFIGS. 18 and 19, a narrow PV band can be identified. Referring to FIG.20, the PV band of the sixth contact 500 is about 5 nm, and the PV bandof the fifth contact 400 is about 8 nm. It can be confirmed that thefifth contact 400 may be patterned as a diagonal shape even when thewidth of the fifth contact 400 is relatively large.

Hereinafter, a method of optimizing an illumination method will bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 21 and 22.

FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an illumination method used infabricating a semiconductor device according to an embodiment of thepresent inventive concept. FIG. 22 is an optical simulation photographfor a method of fabricating a semiconductor device according to anembodiment of the present inventive concept.

In the patterning using lithography, it is possible to increase thesuccess rate of patterning of the fifth contact 400 having a diagonalshape by controlling the illumination of the fifth contact 400 byadjusting the shape, focus and light quantity of exposure light whileperforming the optimization of the mask pattern.

The illumination method may adjust the shape, focus and dose of anexposure beam. Referring to FIGS. 21 and 22, in the case of performinglithography using a beam having the same slope (e.g., e°) as the slopeof the fifth contact 400 (e.g., f°) by controlling the illumination ofthe fifth contact 400, the diagonal pattern of the fifth contact 400 maybe formed precisely. In the case where a slope of the center of theillumination light is the same as a slope f of the fifth contact 400 tobe patterned, it is possible to easily perform the lithography in adiagonal shape.

That is, the fabricating method may include a source mask optimization(SMO) process for simultaneously performing optimization of theillumination of the fifth contact 400 to adjust a beam for lithographyand optimization of the mask rather than simply performing optimizationof the mask. According to this process, while a mask is easily produced,a diagonal pattern can be formed precisely at the same time. That is, inthe fabricating method of the semiconductor device according to theembodiment of the present inventive concept, the fifth contact 400having a diagonal shape can be easily patterned to secure a margin inaccordance with the design rules. In addition, the steps of the processcan be reduced by using one mask, thereby reducing the cost, andincreasing the efficiency.

Referring again to FIG. 14, a portion which has been subjected tolithography is etched (step S430).

Since the lithography is positive lithography, a portion except theportion covered with the mask may be etched. This etching may be carriedout by using dry etching. For example, reactive ion etching (RIE) may beused, but exemplary embodiments of the present inventive concept are notlimited thereto.

The semiconductor device fabricated by the process may further includean interconnection structure including one or more metal lines and viasconnecting the metal lines in the third direction Z. That is, theinterconnection structure may be further formed selectively on the firstto sixth contacts 300 a, 300 b, 300 c, 300 d, 400 and 500. By theformation of the interconnection structure, the first to sixth contacts300 a, 300 b, 300 c, 300 d, 400 and 500 are selectively connected,thereby completing a logic cell performing a specific function.

While the present inventive concept has been particularly shown anddescribed with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will beunderstood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes inform and details may be made therein without departing from the spiritand scope of the present inventive concept as defined by the followingclaims. It is therefore desired that the present embodiments beconsidered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive,reference being made to the appended claims rather than the foregoingdescription to indicate the scope of the inventive concept.

What is claimed is:
 1. A semiconductor device, comprising: first andsecond gate lines, each extending in a first direction, arranged to bespaced apart in a second direction intersecting the first direction; afirst contact formed on the first gate line; a second contact formed onthe first gate line to be spaced apart from the first contact in thefirst direction; a third contact formed on the second gate line to bealigned with the first contact in the second direction; a fourth contactformed on the second gate line to be spaced apart from the third contactin the first direction and aligned with the second contact in the seconddirection; and a fifth contact formed on the first to fourth contacts soas to overlap with the second contact and the third contact and so asnot to overlap with the first contact and the fourth contact, whereinthe fifth contact is arranged to diagonally traverse a quadrangledefined by the first to fourth contacts.
 2. The semiconductor device ofclaim 1, wherein the fifth contact passes through a point of symmetry ofthe quadrangle.
 3. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein thefifth contact includes a first contact region connecting the point ofsymmetry to the second contact, and a second contact region connectingthe point of symmetry to the third contact, wherein the first contactregion has a convex shape in a direction away from the fourth contact,and wherein the second contact region has a convex shape in a directionaway from the first contact.
 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1,wherein the first to fifth contacts include at least one of metal andpolysilicon.
 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the firstgate line is electrically connected to the first and second contacts,wherein the second gate line is electrically connected to the third andfourth contacts.
 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, furthercomprising first to fourth fins, each extending in the second direction,arranged to be spaced apart in the first direction.
 7. The semiconductordevice of claim 6, further comprising a fifth fin extending in thesecond direction, to be spaced apart from the first fin in the firstdirection, wherein the first and second gate lines are formed on thefifth fin; and a sixth contact that is not overlapped with the first tofourth fin, wherein the sixth contact is overlapped with the fifth fin.8. The semiconductor device of claim 7, wherein the sixth contact isformed on sides of the first and second gate lines.
 9. The semiconductordevice of claim 7, wherein the fifth and sixth contacts are formed onthe same level.
 10. The semiconductor device of claim 7, furthercomprising a fin-shaped field effect transistor (fin-FET) including thefirst or second gate line, wherein the sixth contact is electricallyconnected to source/drain regions of the fin-shaped field effecttransistor (fin-FET).
 11. The semiconductor device of claim 6, whereinthe first to fourth fins are spaced apart from each other at regularintervals.